Which groups are spore-producing vascular plants?

Which groups are spore-producing vascular plants?

• A. Lycophyta, Sphenophyta, and Pterophyta
• B. Anthophyta
• C. Bryophyta
• D. Gymnosperms

Answer: (A)

Spore-producing vascular plants are those that have true vascular tissue and reproduce by spores rather than seeds. The groups that fit this are Lycophyta, Sphenophyta, and Pterophyta. They all possess xylem and phloem and have a life cycle with a dominant sporophyte that makes spores in sporangia. Seeds are the reproductive unit in other vascular plants, like gymnosperms and flowering plants, so they aren’t included here. Bryophyta also produces spores but lacks vascular tissue, so they aren’t vascular plants. Therefore, the spore-producing vascular plant groups are Lycophyta, Sphenophyta, and Pterophyta.

Spore-producing vascular plants are those that have true vascular tissue and reproduce by spores rather than seeds. The groups that fit this are Lycophyta, Sphenophyta, and Pterophyta. They all possess xylem and phloem and have a life cycle with a dominant sporophyte that makes spores in sporangia. Seeds are the reproductive unit in other vascular plants, like gymnosperms and flowering plants, so they aren’t included here. Bryophyta also produces spores but lacks vascular tissue, so they aren’t vascular plants. Therefore, the spore-producing vascular plant groups are Lycophyta, Sphenophyta, and Pterophyta.